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Summary of US and UN Platforms for Action for Women, 1975-1995 Violence Against Women Mexico City (1975) Legislation against prostitution and trafficking of women Establish programs to prevent and rehabilitate women in prostitution and trafficking Governments should ratify UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others Houston (1977) Declare elimination of violence in the home as national goal Establish national clearinghouse for information and technical and financial assistance for organizations and agencies providing support services Conduct mass media compaign educating the public about violence against women and remedies Legislation to expand legal protection and provide funds for shelters Tort immunity must be removed to allow wives to sue an abusive husband Government funding for full legal services for victims Revise criminal codes and case law dealing with rape and related offenses to provide graduated degrees of the crime with graduated penalties and to encompass all types of sexual assault including oral and anal violations Funding for rape crisis centers Educational programs in the public school system and in the community for rape prevention and self defense programs Establish National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape within National Institute of Mental Health Expand victim compensation for cost of medical expenses, evidentiary exams, counseling, emergency housing, compensation for pregnancy and pain and suffering Copenhagen(1980) Legislation to prevent domestic and sexual violence Legislation for fair treatment of victims Research into causes of domestic violence Take measures to eliminate glorification of violence against women in the media, literature and advertising Provide assistance for women and children who are victims of violence Prepare study on the extent and types of physical, sexual, and other forms of abuse and on resources available for dealing with violence against women Protect victims of fan-tily violence and implement programs to prevent abuse including centers for treatment, shelter and counseling of the-victims, alcohol/drug abuse rehabilitation, housing employment, child care, and health care Ratify the Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others LJN Secretary-General should report to the 29th session of the Commission on Status of Women and the General Assembly on prostitution throughout the world, its causes and social and economic context Nairobi (1985) Legal measures to prevent violence and assist female victims Increase public awareness of violence against women Establish legislative measures to ascertain causes and to prevent and eliminate violence Suppress degrading images of women in society Encourage development of educational and re-educational measures for offenders Strengthen forms of assistance to victims through shelter, support, and legal services Implement measures in accordance with the recommendations of the 6th UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and Treatrnent of Offenders (1980) with special reference to the "fair and equal treatment of women" Implement the UN Conventionfor the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of Prostitution of Others, specifically the provisions dealing with exploitation of women as prostitutes Women's Linkage Caucus (7/95) Ratify all relevant international human rights instruments. (1125e) Declare rape and other forms of sexual assault in the conduct of armed conflict as a war crime that violates the Geneva Conventions and its protocols as a crime against humanity. (1147c) Uphold standards set in international humanitarian law to prevent rape and sexual slavery and prosecute perpetrators of war crimes. (1147f) Provide compensation for and heating of victims of violence. (1125d) Enact and enforce legislation against perpetrators of acts of violence against women such as femal genital mutilation, infanticide and dowry related violence. (1125i) Create, fund and improve training of judicial, legal, medical, social, educational, police and immigration personnel in order to avoid abuse of power and to sensitize them to the nature of gender based acts of violence. (1125n) Fund information campaigns about the detrimental effects of violence within the family. (1126g), Raise awareness of the media's responsibility of the media to eliminate presenting images that generate violence. (1125j) Allocate resources to ensure equal protection of the law in legal proceedings and to cooperate with NGOs to provide for the care of victims of trafficking. (1131d) Recognize the impact of anned conflict on increased arms trade, drug trafficking, violence and trafficking of women and girls. (1145d) Ensure equal access to asylum in refugee determination procedures based upon gender specific persecution including sexual or reproductive violence or persecution because of membership in a gender based social group. (I I 49h) UN Draft (5/95) Implement recommendations in the World Conference on Human Rights, and ensure coordination amond the human rights bodies to promote women's human rights. (231B,F) Aim for gender balance in judicial and peaceleeping positions. (144B,C) Review and analyze legislation to ensure effectiveness in eliminating violence against women (125D,F,G) Incorporate a gender-perspective into all programs for eliminating violence against women. (125D,F,G) Ratify and implement international and regional human rights treaties, including CEDAW. (125E;230A) Provide women subjected to violence with access to justice systems and to effective remedies for wrongs suffered; infonn women of their rights in such processes, (125 H,L) Train and fund State agents, officials and service employees to avoid abuse of power leading to violence against women. Ensure punishment for State agents who engage in violent acts against women. (125N,O) Provide well-funded shelters, medical and counseling services, and low-cost legal aid for girls and women subjected to violence, making the services linguistically and culturally accessible to migrant women and girls. (126A,B) Provide gender-sensitive training to personnel and officials handling cases involving violence against women [in armed conflict and foreign occupation], international humanitarian law, UN peacekeeping and humanitarian aid. (144C,D;1471;231J) [Expose the media's responsibility in promoting non-stereotyped roles of men and women and encourage establishment of guidelines and conduct codes.] (126J; 130 D) Eliminate sexual harassment and other forms of violence against women. (I 26A,E; I 82C) Implement the LJNHCR Guidelines on Protection of Refugee Women Prevention of and Response to Sexual Violence against Refugees. (129) Develop education and training programs to address the root causes of trafficking of women and girls (131B) Enact legislation to eliminate trafficking and sex tourism. (I3 1 E)
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