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Summary of US and UN Platforms for Action for Women, 1975-1995 Education Mexico City (1975) Provide equal opportunity for girls and women in education Conform to international standards set by the Convention and Recommendations Against Discrimination in Education of 1960 and Revised Recommendations concerning Technical and Vocational Education of 1974 and the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Identify discriminatory practices in education Free and compulsory primary education and needed resources for girls and boys without discrimination Set international standards for minimum age of marriage to allow for sufficient education Create task forces and set target dates to eliminate illiteracy Establish programs to lessen domestic work in order for women and girls to more fully participate in education programs Assess image of women in media and use mass media to project positive images of women as well as to educate women about their rights Houston (1977) Enforce all laws prohibiting discrimination at all levels of education including elementary, primary, secondary, post-secondary, graduate, vocational, and technical schools and any sports, fellowship, and scholarship programs Survey elementary and secondary schools to determine compliance with anti-discrimination laws including in the area of physical education Expand and improve leadership programs for women working in postsecondary schools Eradicate sex and race stereotypes by reviewing books and curriculum and integrating progams of study on women's experiences and achievements in history Counseling at all levels of education that is nonsexist and nonracist and encourages women to pursue a wide range of educational and career options Encourage education of women by insuring that federal and other education grants do not reduce an individual's or family's eligibility for public assistance in AFDC or in any other program Continuing education in order to insure that the older women will be infonned Copenhagen(1980) Educational and media programs to eliminate prejudices against women Abolish stereotypes and create new images of women's participation in family, workforce, public and social life Emphasize education against violence Establish targets to eliminate differentials between boys'and girls'literacy and enrollment Free and compulsory education for boys and girls Increase training of women and girls in science and technology Remove sex bias in curriculum Include courses on women's history and women's issues Nairobi (1985) Equal opportunities for education and vocational training Eliminate sex-stereotyping in education Assure scholarships and other forms of support from private, governmental, and nongovemmental sources Incorporation of women's history and women's issues into curriculum and promotion and application of women's studies Eliminate high rate of illiteracy by 2000 Address causes of absenteeism and dropout among girls Women's Linkage Caucus (7/95) Eradicate illiteracy among women worldwide by the year 2000. (B2) Provide universal access to primary education for girls by 2000. (183b) Increase funds for education and training of girls as a priority in development assistance programs. (187a) Increase enrollment and retention rate of girls by allocating appropriate budgetary resources. (182f) Eliminate gender disparities in access to all areas of higher education. (182c) Attain equal access to education without distinction as to sex, race, national ofigin, age, sexual orientation or disability. (182a) Reallocate funds from the military to the educational sector and commit a minimum percentage of assistance budget-20% from UNESCO and 30% from UNICEF -to the basic education of girls. (189) Develop policies in formal and informal education programs that support and enable girls to acquire knowledge, develop self-esteem and take responsibility for their own lives. (1277d) Make the girl child aware of her own potential and educate her about the rights guaranteed her. (1278b) Eliminate all forrns of discrimination against pregnant adolescents and enable them to continue their formal education. (185s) Develop curricula and teaching material free of gender stereotypes for all levels of education. (185a) Ensure equal access to all areas and levels of media. (1239a) Encourage involvement by media in development and social issues. (1239h) Encourage participation of women in the development of professional guidelines and codes of conduct to promote balanced and nonstereotyped portxayals of women by the media. (1241d) UN Draft (5/95) Reduce the female illiteracy rate to at least half its 1990 level. (83A) Provide universal access to primary education for girls by 2000.(83B; 279A) Make increasing funding for women's and girls' education a high priority in development assistance (88A,B;89D) [Provide women and girls with equal access to education and grievances related to sex discrimination in education.](82A) Eliminate gender disparities in access to all areas of higher education. (81@C) Provide women and girls with information on vocational training, science and technology programs (84C,E) Develop curricula and teaching materials free of gender-stereotypes for all levels of education. (85A; 277B) Promote equality, mutual respect and shared responsibilities between boys and girls in the classroom.], (85B,C,1;278C;279E). Remove legal and regulatory barriers to [sexual and reproductive health] education. (85K,L) Support women's equal participation in media. (239A,C)
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